Massacre at mountain meadows
Saturday, 16 August 2008
Mountain Meadows redux
Cody Clark - Daily Herald
The new book "Massacre at Mountain Meadows," published Thursday by Oxford University Press, brgins with these words:
"On September 11, 1857, Mormon settlers in southern Utah used a false flag of truce to lull a group of California-bound emigrants from their circled wagons and then slaughter them. When the killing was over, more than one hundred butchered bodies lay strewn across a half-mile stretch of upland meadow. Most of the victims were women and children." Those stark, unsparing lines might not be the very first thing that many would expect to read in an account written by Mormons, or members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, of perhaps the most infamous occurrence in the 160-year history of Utah as a U.S. possession, territory and state. "Massacre at Mountain Meadows" is a collaboration between historians Ronald W. Walker, Richard E. Turley Jr. and Glen M. Leonard. All three men are Latter-day Saints. Walker, 68, is an independent historian; Leonard, 69, is the former director of the LDS Church’s Museum of Church History and Art; and Turley, 52, is Assistant Church Historian under LDS general authority Elder Marlin K. Jensen. That means that the new book, while not published by the LDS Church, has an authoritative LDS voice. All three men have for years had a private interest in the event known to history as the Mountain Meadows Massacre. The tragedy unfolded several miles south and west of Cedar City on a site where a wagon train led by Alexander Fancher and John T. Baker had encamped in an open meadow. In the weeks prior to the massacre, the settlers, most of them from Arkansas, had become the object of enmity and suspicion among Utah’s Mormon population, which had spent much of 1857 in fearful anticipation of the arrival of federal troops sent by President James Buchanan to defuse what Washington, D.C., perceived to be a Mormon uprising. Fancher and Baker’s party was attacked on Sept. 7 by Mormon militia and Paiute Indian tribesmen, kept pinned down over the next four days, and eventually lured to their deaths. At least 120 were murdered, according to most counts, while 17 of the youngest children were spared. The tragic story has been examined before. The groundbreaking volume "Mountain Meadows Massacre," written by Latter-day Saint and respected historian Juanita Brooks, was published in 1950. In recent years, historian and Utah native Will Bagley gave another history of the massacre in "Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows" (2002), while mountaineer and essayist Jon Krakauer explored the bloody events in his book "Under the Banner of Heaven: A Story of Violent Faith" (2003) about the 1984 murders committed by brothers Ron and Dan Lafferty. In 2004, University of Utah film professor Brian Patrick attracted praise for crafting a sober, thoughtful retelling of Mountain Meadows in his documentary film "Burying the Past: Legacy of the Mountain Meadows Massacre," while Hollywood filmmaker Christopher Cain was widely ridiculed in 2006 for his lurid, fictionalized account "September Dawn." (Some people, apparently, are still laughing — the performance of actor Jon Voight in Cain’s film is the butt of a lightning-fast visual joke in the new movie "Tropic Thunder.") The collaboration by Walker, Turley and Leonard is unique in the breadth of the research that supports it. Nearly half of the book’s 430 pages are taken up by its notes and appendices. An eight-page "Acknowledgements" section credits dozens of collaborators spread across the country with helping to research and refine the manuscript at some point in the nearly seven years since it was conceived. "This book rests on the most thorough research on the Mountain Meadows Massacre that’s ever been conducted," Turley said. "We’ve done research from the northeast to southern California, from the Pacific Northwest to the southeast." Jan Shipps, professor emeritus of religious studies and history at Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis and a widely respected authority on Mormonism, agreed with Turley’s assessment. "There is documentation on top of documentation on top of documentation, and that we haven’t had before," Shipps said. "It’s probably the most documented work of any in Utah history." The authors worked with descendants of the massacre survivors, inviting some to read their manuscript and provide feedback prior to publication. There are three principal groups that advocate on behalf of survivor descendants: the Mountain Meadows Monument Foundation, Mountain Meadows Descendants and the Mountain Meadows Association. (The Mountain Meadows Association also includes descendants of the massacre’s perpetrators.) Some descendants have actively petitioned LDS officials to turn control of the massacre site, which the church owns, over to the federal government. Others have collaborated with LDS officials in efforts to memorialize the massacre and its victims. In March, Jensen, the incumbent LDS Church historian, met with representatives of the three major descendant groups to announce that church officials will seek to have the massacre site designated a National Historic Landmark. The church has also purchased 600 acres of land surrounding the site to preserve it as open space. Jensen told descendant groups that, "The land will be left undeveloped to preserve the sanctity of that hallowed area and out of respect for those who died there." Terry Fancher, president of the Mountain Meadows Association and a descendant of Alexander Fancher, said that he’s just begun to read "Massacre at Mountain Meadows," but that he, too, is impressed by the level of research. "I always look for the footnotes and the endnotes to see what the sources of information are," Fancher said. Fancher said that he’s pleased to see that many documents from the period of the massacre, such as journals and court transcripts, were consulted. He said that he hasn’t read anything else written by Walker or Leonard, but that he has a good opinion of Turley based on Turley’s book "Victims: The LDS Church and the Mark Hoffman Case." Turley, Fancher said, "did a bang-up job on ["Victims"] getting the facts right." Fancher’s hope is that, as more documents from the period emerge, there may eventually be a complete list of the names of those who were killed. Appendix A to "Massacre at Mountain Meadows" lists the names of nearly 90 persons "known or strongly believed to have perished" in the massacre.

